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The Harmony of Traditional Ink Wash Painting and Contemporary Brush Strokes

by Chang Young Jun
Senior Curator
National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea


Art historian George Rowley once said ¡°Asian art was created as the product of the imaginative marriage of mind and material, that changes according to the insight possessed, the ingredients of direct experiences, and the type of mind the artist, as the creator, wishes to assign.¡±
Much like religion, art values the internal depth of life with more weight than the visibly external appearances. It is for this reason the modern art currents today are focusing their attention to Asian painting ? having developed under such philosophical and cultural backgrounds to revere the depth of mind as the paramount quality ? newly recognizing the value of the internal psychological emotions and the various sculptural theories it possesses.
Landscape painting finds its basic identity and creates an inspirational mindset from forms of nature. Therefore as an art of this genre, it seems the works of traditional Korean landscape paintings, can only be understood within the framework of the philosophical awareness of Asian paintings, that stem from the fundamentals of nature. Since ancient times the East have referred to landscape painting as an artistic genre of interpretation. It was believed that through the genuine intentions and the energy force of humans, the secrets of Mother Nature¡¯s mysteries are revealed, and that landscape painting was the interpretation of nature¡¯s true form, seen through divine spirit of an artist¡¯s mind.
As the result of the unification of its simplistic representation and the use of materials suitable to Asian sentiments and constitution like the mystical and abstruse color black, Asian art has been understood as an arena of symbolic expression with imponderable inner depth. And it is due to this nature that emissive, comprehensive and poetic meaning has been accentuated in this art form.
A young woman at the center of attention lately is Sul Park, a contemporary ink wash artist that has been steadily building up a technique that expresses natural imagery and inspirations of sentiment and emotion by combining traditional brush strokes of mainly ink wash painting and contemporary formative art styles. She began with acquiring basic brush stroke skills, moving on to landscape painting, and even muninhwa (a genre of Korean paintings done by non-artists, such as cultured scholars, aristocrats, etc to express their intentions) which broadened the spectrum of her brush stroke techniques.
Recently Park has been focusing on contemporary ink wash landscapes and producing oversized grand landscapes. While the artist may have had her roots in the realistic depiction approach, she soon began focusing on the emotional depiction of Mother Nature as oversized laconic works using semi-abstract expressions. Her artistic scope combines the poetic delivery of Asian painting with the introspective aesthetic sense of ink wash art, giving birth to a truly unique perspective. By using stereology and shadowing techniques in a collage format, drawn in a laconic manner with the reserved color black in repetitive, delicate and detailed strokes, Park accentuates the inherent internal identity of the subject matter. In her recent works, she applies various sketches originating from imaginative compositions to produce a dynamic display.
The artist attempts to capture nature¡¯s vital and energetic beauty in a distinguished manner by often adopting a light and dark expressive technique to emphasize volume, used together with black ink and short edges. Such unique factors of Park¡¯s work serves as crucial evidence in assessing her idiosyncratic artistic personality. Park¡¯s ink wash landscape pieces like A Certain Landscape aptly illustrates her artistic inclinations while in another one of her representative works Capturing a Scene, the marriage between the simple color black and stylish strokes in a simplified composition shows well his characteristic expressive style.
Often expressed using traditional compositional techniques such as shimweon (bottom to top view) pyeongwon (leveled view) rule of Asian Ink Painting, the archipelago of the Korean Namdo region has long since been a sought after symbolic subject of paintings, music, and culture of traditional Korean arts. Through the medium of contemporary ink wash paintings, the artist tries to express in her own terms, the illustrative emotions emanating from nature. Since the early days, the classic central idea of ink painting was less about the phenomenal interpretation of mind without chi or chi without mind, and was more focused on the mindset of Asian painting theories such as Giwoonsaengdong (the exertion of inherent vital energy of literal or artistic works) and Jeonyimosa (transient simulation) as well as actualizing the fundamentals of painting itself. It is necessary for ink wash painters of today to adopt an experimental and progressive attitude in order to break the walls of abstruse customs of paper and brush and understand the true value of Asian painting. It is when such practices are accepted as common place that artists can skillfully adapt to a fast changing global environment.
Park¡¯s work may have started with painting trends of realistic depiction of objects, but it took a clear turn away from such style after 2000, when she began to express laconic, multi-dimensional images of objects atop simple backgrounds, emphasizing on the private psyche and the fluidity of models. It is from her work we can understand the reason why her usual artistic perspective is focused on the beauty of Mother Nature¡¯s energetic vitality and why she has expressed special interest in the Korean sentiment and scenic beauty, muninhwa, a traditional Korean method of expression, calligraphy, and even Western contemporary painting. In that sense, it is quite clear the artist understands well ink wash painting, the root of Asian art, along with its three main elements ? the inherent intuitive and comprehensive nature of the black ink, the flexibility of paper, and the dynamic vigor of the brush.
Park¡¯s serial piece Certain Landscape appropriately demonstrates her modern style of expression and characteristic depiction of objects with the brush. They are important works that foreshadow her artistic intensions for the future in her attempts to reinterpret the image of an object within the common realms of traditional and contemporary painting. The changes observed in her short brush stroke style and the use of different shade values following his solo exhibition at the T-Art Center of Beijing in 2011 are evidence to another change in Park¡¯s artistic perspective, a psychological shock of sorts influenced by her exposure to the Chinese painting community, the mainstream of Asian painting. Her intentional preference towards the saturated and elegant expression of the black ink using the seonyeum technique (painting on a wet surface) is well communicated through the use of distinctive and flexible mediums such as hanji (traditional Korean paper handmade from mulberry trees) or hwaseunji (a type of hanji that absorbs and bleeds ink well). The materials of Asian ink painting are the best fit to intuitively understand the true nature of words and pictures, and the artist aptly utilizes and modifies these materials to fit the modern perspective. The concept of mental beauty of the East and the concept of symbolic beauty of the West may have their differences but in reality, in terms of fundamental identities from the perspective of contemporary art, they are not much different from each other as they both originate from nature and man.
With the entire world connected via the internet throughout, the globalized modern society of today continually breaks set structures of style and trends, and demands new ideas and perspectives. For this reason, it is important and will be of value to our future, to inherit, nurture, and develop traditional and indigenous treasures, even if they may be neglected and dismissed in these fast changing modern times.
If at this point the ink wash paintings of the young artist Sul Park can be seen as a self-proclamation about the importance of Asian and Korean painting, it is precisely for this reason that profound research and introspection of identity is needed for all things ours. Therefore following the multi-angled evaluation of contemporary art trends, the time that ink wash painting can be magnified as a genre of Korean contemporary art - with its Korea identity intact ? is when the globalization of Korean painting suggested by Park, the independent value and importance of traditional Asian painting, will be able to take lead of the international art culture as the central axis.

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